Database
- What is DBMS?
a) DBMS is a collection of queries
b) DBMS is a high-level language
c) DBMS is a programming language
d) DBMS stores, modifies, and retrieves data ✅ - Which type of data can be stored in the database?
a) Image-oriented data
b) Text, files containing data
c) Data in the form of audio or video
d) All of the above ✅ - Which of the following is not a type of database?
a) Hierarchical
b) Network
c) Distributed
d) Decentralized ✅ - Which of the following is not a function of the database?
a) Managing stored data
b) Manipulating data
c) Security for stored data
d) Analysing code ✅ - Which of the following is a function of the DBMS?
a) Storing data
b) Providing multi-user access control
c) Data Integrity
d) All of the above ✅ - Which of the following is a component of the DBMS?
a) Data
b) Data Languages
c) Data Manager
d) All of the above ✅ - Which of the following is known as a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties, or attributes?
a) Relation set
b) Tuples
c) Entity set ✅
d) Entity Relation model - The DBMS acts as an interface between _____________ and ___________ of an enterprise-class system.
a) Data and the DBMS
b) Application and SQL
c) Database application and the database ✅
d) The user and the software - The ability to query data, as well as insert, delete, and alter tuples, is offered by ____________
a) TCL (Transaction Control Language)
b) DCL (Data Control Language)
c) DDL (Data Definition Language)
d) DML (Data Manipulation Language) ✅ - ______________ is a set of one or more attributes taken collectively to uniquely identify a record.
a) Primary Key
b) Foreign key
c) Super key ✅
d) Candidate key - Which command is used to remove a relation from an SQL?
a) Drop table ✅
b) Delete
c) Purge
d) Remove - Which of the following command is correct to delete the values in the relation teaches?
a) Delete from teaches; ✅
b) Delete from teaches where Id =’Null’;
c) Remove table teaches;
d) Drop table teaches; - Procedural language among the following is __________
a) Domain relational calculus
b) Tuple relational calculus
c) Relational algebra ✅
d) Query language - _______________ operations do not preserve non-matched tuples.
a) Left outer join
b) Inner join ✅
c) Natural join
d) Right outer join - The top level of the hierarchy consists of ______ each of which can contain _____.
a) Schemas, Catalogs
b) Schemas, Environment
c) Environment, Schemas
d) Catalogs, Schemas ✅ - _______ indicates the maximum number of entities that can be involved in a relationship.
a) Greater Entity Count
b) Minimum cardinality
c) Maximum cardinality ✅
d) ERD - The user IDs can be added or removed using which of the following fixed roles?
a) db_sysadmin
b) db_accessadmin ✅
c) db_securityadmin
d) db_setupadmin - The traditional storage of data organized by the customer, stored in separate folders in filing cabinets is an example of ______________ type of ‘database’ management system.
a) Object-oriented database management system
b) Relational database management system
c) Network database management system
d) Hierarchical database management system ✅ - What does a foreign key combined with a primary key create?
a) Network model between the tables that connect them ✅
b) Parent-Child relationship between the tables that connects them
c) One to many relationship between the tables that connects them
d) All of the mentioned - Which of the following is correct according to the technology deployed by DBMS?
a) Pointers are used to maintain transactional integrity and consistency
b) Cursors are used to maintain transactional integrity and consistency
c) Locks are used to maintain transactional integrity and consistency ✅
d) Triggers are used to maintain transactional integrity and consistency
21. Which of the following is correct regarding the file produced by a spreadsheet?
a) Can be used as it is by the DBMS
b) Stored on disk in an ASCII text format
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned ✅
22. What is the function of the following command? Delete from r where P;
a) Clears entries from relation
b) Deletes relation
c) Deletes particular tuple from relation ✅
d) All of the mentioned
23. Which of the following is the best way to represent the attributes in a large db?
a) Dot representation
b) Concatenation ✅
c) Relational-and
d) All of the mentioned
24. Which of the following is the subset of SQL commands used to manipulate Oracle Structures, including tables?
a) Data Described Language
b) Data Retrieval Language
c) Data Manipulation Language
d) Data Definition Language ✅
25. Which of the following key is required to handle the data when the encryption is applied to the data so that the unauthorized user cannot access the data?
a) Primary key
b) Authorized key
c) Encryption key ✅
d) Decryption key
26. Which of the following is known as the process of viewing cross-tab with a fixed value of one attribute?
a) Dicing
b) Pivoting
c) Slicing ✅
d) Both Pivoting and Dicing
27. The oldest DB model is _______________
a) Network
b) Physical
c) Hierarchical ✅
d) Relational
28. Which of the following establishes a top-to-bottom relationship among the items?
a) Relational schema
b) Network schema
c) Hierarchical schema ✅
d) All of the mentioned
29. A major goal of the db system is to minimize the number of block transfers between the disk and memory. Which of the following helps in achieving this goal?
a) Secondary storage
b) Storage
c) Catalog
d) Buffer ✅
30. What happens if a piece of data is stored in two places in the db?
a) Storage space is wasted & Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency ✅
b) It can be more easily accessed
c) Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency
d) Storage space is wasted
31. The logical design, and the snapshot of the data at a given instant in time is known as?
a) Instance & Relation
b) Relation & Schema
c) Domain & Schema
d) Schema & Instance ✅
32. Which of the following is the full form of DDL?
a) Data definition language ✅
b) Data derivation language
c) Dynamic data language
d) Detailed data language
33. Which of the following is the property of transaction that protects data from system failure?
a) Atomicity
b) Isolation
c) Durability ✅
d) Consistency
34. Which of the lowest level of abstraction that describes how the data are actually stored?
a) Physical ✅
b) Abstract
c) View
d) User
35. What is rows of a relation known as?
a) Degree
b) Entity
c) Tuple ✅
d) None
36. During transaction before commit which of the following statement is done automatically in case of shutdown?
a) Rollback ✅
b) Commit
c) View
d) Flashback
37. Which of the following is the full form of TCL?
a) Ternary control language
b) Transaction control language ✅
c) Transaction central language
d) Transmission control language
38. Which of the following SQL command is used for removing (or deleting) a relation from the database?
a) Drop ✅
b) Delete
c) Rollback
d) Remove
39. What is DBMS?
a) Collection of many programs to access data
b) Collection of interrelated data ✅
c) Collection of commands
d) All of these
40. Rectangles in ER diagram represents?
a) Entities
b) Relationships
c) Attributes ✅
d) None of the above
41. What is a primary key in a database?
a) It is a unique identifier for a record in a database table.
b) It ensures that each record is unique. ✅
c) It refers to a related table’s key.
d) It is a field used for defining relationships.
42. Which of the following is a type of relationship between tables in a relational database?
a) One-to-one
b) One-to-many ✅
c) Many-to-many
d) All of the above
43. In a relational model, the table is also known as?
a) Record
b) Relation ✅
c) Column
d) Field
44. Which of the following is the purpose of SQL?
a) To manipulate data
b) To retrieve data ✅
c) To define database structure
d) All of the above
45. The process of retrieving data from one or more tables is known as?
a) Querying ✅
b) Updating
c) Inserting
d) Deleting
46. What is a foreign key in a database?
a) It is a field that uniquely identifies a record.
b) It is used to link tables together.
c) It is a key that refers to a primary key in another table. ✅
d) It is a duplicate key used for referencing.
47. Which of the following is a type of key used to ensure the integrity of data in a database?
a) Primary key
b) Foreign key
c) Both a and b ✅
d) None of the above
48. Which of the following is the default transaction isolation level in most database management systems?
a) Read Uncommitted
b) Read Committed
c) Repeatable Read ✅
d) Serializable
49. Which SQL command is used to create a new table in a database?
a) INSERT
b) SELECT
c) CREATE ✅
d) MODIFY
50. Which of the following ensures that data is accurate and consistent across all tables in a database?
a) Referential Integrity ✅
b) Data Redundancy
c) Data Duplication
d) Database Normalization
51. Which of the following is not a type of SQL JOIN?
a) INNER JOIN
b) OUTER JOIN
c) RIGHT JOIN ✅
d) ALL JOIN
52. Which of the following functions are used to calculate aggregate values in SQL?
a) SUM
b) COUNT
c) Both a and b ✅
d) AVG
53. Which of the following is used to combine two or more SQL queries into a single query?
a) UNION ✅
b) JOIN
c) INTERSECT
d) SELECT
54. Which clause is used to filter records in SQL?
a) WHERE
b) HAVING
c) Both a and b ✅
d) ORDER BY
55. What does the “GROUP BY” clause do in SQL?
a) It groups rows that have the same values into summary rows. ✅
b) It orders the rows.
c) It filters the rows.
d) None of the above
56. Which of the following statements is true about normalization?
a) It reduces redundancy.
b) It improves data integrity.
c) All of the above ✅
d) None of the above
57. What is the first normal form (1NF) in a database?
a) No repeating groups.
b) Each column contains atomic values.
c) Both a and b ✅
d) None of the above
58. What does the term “denormalization” mean in database design?
a) Deleting duplicate records.
b) Introducing redundancy to improve performance. ✅
c) Adding more keys.
d) Creating more indexes.
59. Which of the following is an advantage of a relational database management system (RDBMS)?
a) Data is organized into tables. ✅
b) Data redundancy is high.
c) Data cannot be modified.
d) All of the above
60. Which of the following is true about a “view” in SQL?
a) It stores data physically.
b) It is a virtual table created by a query. ✅
c) It requires a primary key.
d) It cannot be used in SELECT queries.
